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德国发展电动汽车的政策措施与未来趋势
德国 新能源汽车 电动汽车 智能化
2016/12/9
本文介绍了德国发展电动汽车的战略方向、计划目标、宏观政策、行动措施、技术特点，以及分阶段推进的具体步骤、政府与社会各界合作的平台、不同阶段的目标和未来的发展趋势，从宏观视野、对国际标准制定的重视和电动汽车专业技术人才的培养三个方面提出了对我国发展电动汽车的启示。
发达国家创新型城市的科技人才发展政策
创新型城市 科技人才发展政策 发达国家
2016/3/17
本文在2014年日内瓦世界经济论坛发布的《2014-2015年全球竞争力报告》中排名处于前20位的国家和地区中，选择部分城市开展科技人才政策信息的挖掘，对这些创新型城市的科技人才发展政策进行实证分析。通过梳理，发现这些地方政府在着力推进科技就业、建立新型培养体系与人才输送管道、争取有助于地方吸引人才的国家特别法律支持、打造众创中介服务平台等方面，实施了诸多积极的政策，这些政策实践可以为我国城市在实...
本文简要分析了美国联邦政府 2016财年财政预算案中的基础与应用研究预算重点，以及近年来研发预算的变化趋势。分析结果发现，2016财年预算案的总额和赤字基本与 2015财年基本持平，研发预算有所增长，三大基础研究机构的预算总和继续保持增加趋势，多项重要跨机构研究计划都得到了充足的资金支持，资金重点投入领域包括：商业、能源和交通，以及环境和基础科学（力度比不上前三者）。总结了联邦政府对研发预算进行调...
本文阐述了英国非政府部门公共机构管理财政科研经费的基本格局，并以部分典型评价活动为例，从国家和机构两个层面对英国非政府部门财政科研经费管理机构工作的评价机制进行了剖析，包括：基本原则、工作流程、评价内容、评价方法、管理框架、成果使用等。在此基础上，针对我国科技计划中拟通过专业机构实施计划项目及配套经费管理的改革，从制度建设、规范制订、标准选择等不同维度提出了对专业机构工作评价的建议。
英国科研经费对外开放情况研究
英国 科研经费 对外开放
2016/1/4
在经济和科技全球化深入发展，科学技术活动国际化特征日益显著的背景下，随着我国科技大国的地位不断提升，我国有关科技部门越来越需要关注科研经费的对外开放问题。本文在介绍英国科研经费管理概况及其关于开放性科学研究的理论探索的基础上，重点分析和总结了英国科研经费对外开放的六个主要特点，供有关部门和研究人员参考。
中国海外能源投资的地缘风险与法律对策
海外能源投资 地缘 法律风险 投资保护对策
2016/12/24
中国海外能源投资在欧美、非洲和拉丁美洲具有明显的的地缘特点，而面临的风险也带有一定的地缘特征，因而有必要采取相应的法律对策。中国能源企业在欧美主要通过跨国并购进行投资，主要面临政府许可风险。其对策主要在于如何以法律手段通过国家安全审查。在非洲的投资主要采取国家契约的方式，主要面临政治风险，需要强化投资保护协定，暴力活动和反恐对策。在拉丁美洲的投资则主要面临卡尔沃主义带来的法律变更风险和国有化与征收...
BAYESIAN AND DOMINANT STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE INDEPENDENT PRIVATE VALUES MODEL
Independent private values incentive compatibility Bayesian implementations dominant-strategy implementation adverse selection bilateral trade mechanism design
2015/9/23
We prove—in the standard independent private-values model—that the outcome, in terms of expected probabilities of trade and expected transfers, of any Bayesian mechanism, can also be obtained with a d...
The Market for American State Government Bonds in Britain and the United States, 1830 to 1843
American State Government Market
2015/9/22
The following notice must accompany the PDF on the Contributing Author's website: This is an electronic version of an article published in The Economic History Review: complete citation information fo...
American Government and the Promotion of Economic Development In the National Era, 1790 to 1860
American Government Economic Development
2015/9/22
When Americans decided for independence in the spring of 1776 they faced many
difficult decisions. They were declaring there independence as independent states. John Adams,
leader of the Congress an...
A Regional Analysis of Transactional Strategies of Russian Enterprises
Regional Analysis Transactional Strategies Russian Enterprises
2015/9/22
Do Russian enterprises do business differently in different parts of the country? More specifically, to what extent do the strategies adopted by Russian enterprises to deal with their trading partners...
Politics, Relief, and Reform: The Transformation of America's Social Welfare System during the New Deal
Politics Relief Reform
2015/9/22
Prior to the New Deal almost all public social welfare spending, or what contemporaries
called “relief,” was provided by local governments. The administration of local public relief had
long been as...
Inequality and Endogenous Trade Policy Outcomes
anti-trade bias inequality protectionism trade policy
2015/9/22
An enduring puzzle in international economics is why trade interventions are biased in favor of importcompeting rather than export sectors and therefore restrict trade. In this paper, we show that if ...
Are Preferential Trade Agreements with Non-trade Objectives a Stumbling Block for Multilateral Liberalization?
Multilateral trade negotiations regional integration cross-border externalities environment labor standards
2015/9/22
In many preferential trade agreements (PTAs) countries exchange not only reductions in trade barriers but also cooperation in non-trade issues such as labor and environmental standards, intellectual p...
The Clash of Liberalizations:Preferential vs.Multilateral Trade Liberalization in the European Union
Preferential trade agreements customs unions multilateral trade negotiations MFN tariff concessions reciprocity
2015/9/22
There has been an explosion in the number of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) in the last decade. PTAs are characterized by liberalization with respect to only a few partners and thus they can pot...
Tariff Retaliation versus Financial Compensation in the Enforcement of International Trade Agreements
Dispute Settlement WTO Tariffs Monetary Fines Bonds Concessions Reciprocity Policy Coordination
2015/9/22
We analyze whether financial compensation is preferable to the current system of dispute settlement in the World Trade Organization that permits member countries to impose retaliatory tariffs in respo...